IJUE ALIZETI INAVYOTUMIKA KAMA MALISHO YA MIFUGO.

Alizeti haitoi mailisho pekee, pia inatoa mafuta bora kwa afya ya binadamu na pia malighafi inayotumiwa na nyuki kutengeneza asali.

Unapotengeneza chakula cha mifugo peke yako, si tu kupunguza gharama, lakini pia inakupa uhakika wa kuwa na chakula bora. Pia Wafugaji wa nyuki wanaopanda alizeti wanapata faida ya ziada kwa kupata asali iliyo bora kwa sababu nyuki hukusanya poleni kutoka kwenye alizeti wanapofanya ushavushaji.

Chanzo kizuri cha protini

Chakula cha mifugo kinachotengenezwa kutokana na alizeti ni chanzo kizuri cha protini kwa ajili ya mifugo, hasa ng’ombe wa maziwa, kuku, nguruwe na hata sungura. Malisho haya yana kiasi kikubwa cha protini, nyuzi nyuzi na kiasi kikubwa cha mafuta. Malisho haya yana protini kiasi cha asilimia 29-30, kiasi cha nyuzi nyuzi asilimia 27-31.

Moja ya tabia nzuri ya alizeti ni kwamba haina vitu vinavyoathiri virutubisho kwa mifugo, hata hivyo, ina kiasi kikubwa cha nyuzi nyuzi na mashudu yake kuwa magumu kiasi, jambo ambalo husababisha ugumu kidogo kwenye kusagwa tumboni. Mbali na virutubisho vya aina nyingine, alizeti ni chanzo kizuri cha kalishamu, fosiforasi na vitamini B.

Ubora wa alizeti inayotumika kwa ajili ya malisho ya mifugo inategemeana na namna ambayo imetayarishwa. Kwa mfano, alizeti inayosagwa bila kuondoa maganda ya nje, ina kiasi kikubwa cha nyuzi nyuzi (kati ya asilimia 27-30, lakini inakuwa na kiasi kidogo cha protini asilimia 23). Alizeti ambayo imetayarishwa kwa ubora wa hali ya juu huwa maganda yameondolewa na inakuwa na kiasi kikubwa cha protini, kiasi cha asilimia 40.

Mkulima anapaswa kufahamu kuwa alizeti bado inakuwa na virutubisho hata kama haitatayarishwa kwa ustadi. Mfugaji anaweza kutumia soya na karanga badala ya alizeti, lakini ni lazima apeleke alizeti kupima kuhakikisha kuwa ina nyuzinyuzi na virutubisho kwa kiwango cha nyuzinyuzi na protini kinachokubalika.

Inapendekezwa kutumia alizeti

Kulingana na utafiti ambao umefanyika nchini Tanzania, alizeti iliyochanganywa na pumba ya mahindi kwa kiasi cha asilimia 30, kisha kulishwa ng’ombe aina ya Zebu ina uwezo wa kuongeza uzalishaji wa maziwa kutoka lita 6.6 kwa siku mpaka lita 8.1 kwa siku. Nchini Zimbabwe, mashudu ya alizetu huchanganywa na mahindi pamoja na  mabua ya mahindi ambayo yamewekwa urea kwa kiwango cha wastani wa kilo 4.4 kwa siku, na kulishwa ng’ombe aina ya Jersey pamoja na ng’ombe chotara ambao hulishwa katika machungo ya wazi, Ng’ombe hawa huongeza kiasi cha maziwa kwa wastani wa kilo 5.8 mpaka kilo 6 kwa siku.

Aina ya alizeti

Kuna aina mbili za alizeti, alizeti fupi na alizeti ndefu. Aina ndefu hurefuka mpaka kufikia kiasi cha urefu wa mita 1.5-2.4. Uzalishaji wake ni hafifu ukilinganisha na mbegu za kisasa. Aina hii mara nyingi huwa ile inayojulikana kama Hungary nyeupe na Fedha. Alizeti fupi ni inayotokana na mbegu za kisasa ambayo huwa na urefu wa mita 1.2, aina hii huwa na mavuno mazuri zaidi ukilinganisha na aina ndefu.

Kutengeneza chakula cha mifugo

Kilo tatu na nusu za alizeti inapokamuliwa hutoa mafuta lita moja na mashudu kilo mbili na nusu.

Resheni kwa ng’ombe wa maziwa

•Changanya kilo 18 za mashudu ya alizeti na kilo 100 za pumba ya mahindi ili kutengeneza chakula cha ng’ombe.

•Mlishe ng’ombe anaezalisha maziwa kwa wingi kiasi cha kilo 4 ya mchanganyiko huo na kilo 2 kwa ng’ombe anaezalisha kiasi kidogo cha maziwa.

•Mbali na kulisha mchanganyiko huo, ng’ombe wa maziwa ni lazima apewe kiasi kingine cha chakula cha kawaida cha kila siku kama vile matete, hay, au aina nyingine yoyote ya malisho bora kwa kiasi cha kutosha.

Resheni kwa ajili ya kuku

Chakula cha kuanzia: Changanya kilo 22 za mashudu ya alizeti na kilo 100 za pumba ya mahindi Chakula cha kukuzia: Changanya kilo 20 za mashudu ya alizeti na kilo 100 za pumba ya mahindi au chenga.

Chakula kwa ajili ya kuku wanaotaga: Changanya kilo 18 za mashudu ya alizeti na kilo 100 za chenga za mahindi

ZINGATIA: Unapotengeneza chakula kwa ajili ya ng’ombe wa maziwa, mfugaji ni lazima ahakikishe kuwa mashudu hayazidi asilimia 20 ya resheni ya kulishia. Kwa ajili ya kulishia kuku, alizeti isizidi asilimia 7 ya jumla ya resheni.

Namna ya kuzalisha alizeti

 

Hali ya hewa: Alizeti hustawi vizuri zaidi kwenye udongo tifutifu, wenye rutuba ya kutosha. Zao hili lina mizizi inayoenda chini kwa kiwango cha kikubwa hivyo kuiwezesha kustawi hata katika sehemu yenye kiwango kidogo cha mvua. Kiasi cha wastani wa milimita 500-750 za mvua zinatosha kabisa kwa uzalishaji wa alizeti. Inaweza kulimwa kutoka usawa wabahari mpaka kufikia mwinuko wa mita 2600 kutoka usawa wa bahari.

Maandalizi ya shamba

Ni lazima kuhakikisha kuwa shamba limelimwa vizuri, ili kuweza kupata sehemu nzuri ya kusia mbegu.

Nafasi: Mbegu zinaweza kupandwa kwa nafasi ya sentimita 75 kwa 30 kwa kiasi cha kilo 2 kwa ekari moja (sawa na kilo 5 kwa hekari). Panda mbegu 3 kwa kila shimo, kisha acha mmea mmoja kwa kila shimo mimea inapofikia urefu wa sentimita 10-20.

Matumizi ya Mbolea

Alizeti hufanya vizuri kwenye udongo wenye rutuba. Matumizi ya mbolea inayotokana na miamba aina ya fosifeti inafaa zaidi kwa kuwa alizeti inahitaji fosifeti kwa kiasi kikubwa. Matumizi ya mbolea mboji iliyoandaliwa vizuri itaongeza virutubisho vya ziada kwenye udongo.

Alizeti hukua vizuri katika sehemu isiyokuwa na magugu. Palilia alizeti inapokuwa na urefu wa mita 0.7 (Kiasi cha wiki 4).

Ndege waharibifu

Ndege wanaweza kuharibu kiasi cha asilimia 50 ya alizeti endapo hawatafukuzwa. Ili kuzuia uharibifu huo, mkulima anaweza kuchukua hatua zifuatazo;

•Vunja shina la alizeti kufikia usawa wa magoti kabla ya alizeti kukauka. Unaweza pia kuvunja katika urefu wowote lakini alizeti iangalie chini ili kuzui ndege kudonoa.

• Ondoa alizeti shambani baada ya kukauka na kuihifadhi.

• Ubanguaji unaweza kufanyikia nyumbani kwa kutumia fimbo

• Alizeti ni lazima ikaushwe mpaka kufikia kiwango cha unyevu wa asilimia 10 kabla ya kuhifadhiwa

Chanzo:mkulima mbunifu,

UFUGAJI WA KUKU WA KIENYEJI

 
Ulishaji: Kuku wa kienyeji wanaweza kulishwa kwa kumia mahindi, mchele, na mabaki ya ugali. Vyakula hivi ni lazima vikaushwe vizuri na kusagwa vizuri. Ulishaji ni lazima ufanyike katika sehemu safi au kwa kutumia vyombo vilivyotengenezwa maalumu kwa ajilii ya kulishia kuku.

Banda: Kuku wawe wa kienyeji au wa kisasa, wanahitaji kuwa na banda zuri kwa ajili ya malazi na kuwalinda. Wanahitaji chumba chenye nafasi ya kutosha na kinachopitisha hewa ya kutosha. Ni lazima kuwawekea fito kwa kuwa ndege hupenda kupumzika juu ya fito. Ni lazima banda la kuku lifungwe vizuri nyakati za usiku ili kuzuia wanyama wanaoweza kuwadhuru kuku. Ni lazima liwe safi wakati wote ili kuzuia magonjwa kama vile mdondo na mengineyo. Usitumie pumba za mbao au nguo kuukuu kwenye viota vya kutagia kwani huchochea kuwepo utitiri na funza wa kuku. Inashauriwa kutumia mchanga laini.

Maji ya kunywa: Kuku wapatiwe maji safi. Ni lazima kuangalia mara kwa mara na kuyabadilisha maji. Kamwe usiwape kuku maji machafu.

Chanjo: Chanjo kwa mifugo ni lazima ili kuzuia mashambulizi ya magonjwa. Magonjwa yaliyozoeleka ni kama vile Mdondo, Kideri, Ndui ya kuku, na homa ya matumbo (typhoid). Chanjo kwa kawaida hutolewa mara moja kwa kila baada ya miezi miwili.

Uwekaji wa kumbukumbu: Kumbukumbu zijumuishe aina ya ulishaji, namba ya uzalishaji, muda wa mwisho wa matumizi, kiasi cha malisho kwa kila siku, idadi ya vifo, na idadi ya mayai yaliyozalishwa.

Mwanzoni unahitaji nini?

Wafugaji walio wengi wanauliza wanahitaji nini katika hatua za awali ili kuweza kuanzisha mradi wa ufugaji wa kuku. Hii itategemea aina ya kuku uliochagua kufuga.

Ni busara kuwa na vifaa muhimu vinavyohitajika na viwe katika hali ya usafi kabla ya kuweka kuku bandani mwako. Kama unaanza na vifaranga, vifuatavyo ni vifaa muhimu vinavyohitajika kwa ajili ya vifaranga 200.

• Tenga na utengeneze banda zuri lenye joto na hewa ya kutosha wakati wote.

• Vyombo vinne (4) vya kunyweshea maji, hii ni katika wiki 2 za mwanzo na uongeze vyombo taratibu kulingana na kuku wanavyokua.

• Vyombo vinne (4) vya kulishia chakula, na viongezeke kulingana na kuku wanavyokua.

• Matandazo makavu na safi, inaweza kuwa maranda au mabua ya ngano.

• Pakiti moja au mbili za dawa ya Coccid (hii inapatikana katika maduka yote ya kilimo). Hata hivyo, utaratibu wa chanjo ni lazima ukamilishwe.

• Chakula kwa ajili ya vifaranga ambacho kimezalishwa na watengenezaji wanaoaminika.

chanzo:mkulima mbunifu

SUA GRADUATE ENTREPRENEURS COOPERATIVE(SUGECO)

 
Picha ya wahitimu wa moja ya chuo kikuu, wakiwa katika mahafali. 

 Kijana mjasiriamali akiwa katika mradi wake wa ufugaji wa kuku

SUA GRADUATE ENTREPRENEURS COOPERATIVE(SUGECO) ni ushirika wa wajasiriamali wahitimu wa chuo kikuu cha Sokoine(SUA) waliojiunga kwa pamoja kwa lengo la kujiajili kupitia kilimo na ufugaji. Lengo la SUGECO ni kuunganisha nguvu ili kumudu changamoto za mitaji zinazowakabili wahitimu wengi wa vyuo vikuu wanapenda kujiajiri baada ya kumaliza masomo yao. Wanachama wa SUGECO ni wahitimu wa SUA wanaojihusisha na kilimo, ufugaji wa kuku, samaki, ukamuaji wa mafuata ya alzeti, ukaushaji wa mboga mboga na matundana kilimo cha mazao.

Chama hicho kimewanufaisha wahitimu wengi ambapo benki ya CRDB imeweza kuwakopesha kiasi cha sh. 550 milioni. Mpango huu ambao umeungwa mkono na Rais, Mh. Kikwete unaonesha kuleta mafanikio katika kuleta ajira mpya kama utaendelezwa na kusimamiwa vizuri.

SUA WAWETHUBUTU, WAMEWEZA.. VYUO VINGINE JE!!!!,WAPI MUCCOBS? WAPI UDOM? WAPI TUMAINI N.K

Youth Can Change Agriculture With Motivation

TANZANIA needs to undergo youth mindset transformation to change their negative perceptions towards agriculture in a bid to attract more youths in agribusiness undertakings, a move that will curb the current unemployment challenge.
This can be done through provision of education to youth on entrepreneurship initiatives through trainings, workshops, media and making an easy access to capital through provision of loans with lower interest rates and grants to attract their effective involvement in the pliantly available agribusiness.
This stems from the fact that agriculture has continued and remains the only sector that has provided employment opportunities to 70 per cent of the population in the country, leaving only 30 per cent to be shared by other sectors of economy and the formal sector.
Activities like poultry keeping, dairy farming, training and advisory, agroforestry, fishery and cottage as well as agro-processing industries for agri based foods, are important avenues for youths to focus on essential sources of income and livelihood. Speaking at the launch of the Tanzania Youth in Agribusiness Forum (TYIAF) held in Morogoro recently, Prof Lascelles Chen said despite the challenges youths face; they remain key drivers and ambassadors of agricultural sector transformation in the country.
"Youths have the greatest potential of changing agricultural business landscape not only in the country but also at the global level, they only need courage, determination and positive attitude towards embracing agricultural sector," said Prof Chen, the Managing Director of Magadu Entrepreneurship and Business Training Institute (MEBTI).
"Despite the ups and downs encountered on the road towards achieving business success or effective involvement in agriculture, youths must have a focus and a determined mindset that will take them to the next levels of economic prosperity," he said.
Prof Chen was of the view that youths need to be in groups that will make them have an easy access to important services, specifically financial assistances from both public and private entities. "If you are standing alone, the bus of development will bypass you, but if you are standing in a group the bus will stop and take you and your group on board," said Prof Chen.
Citing the experience from Uganda, he said; "The fastest growing section of the Ugandan middle class is creating their wealth from enterprises based in the agricultural sector. Comparing to the old generation, he said youths have all what it takes to drive the future of agricultural sector in the country due to their versatility to changes.
Statistics show that the market for African staple foods like maize, milk, meat, banana, sorghum, rice and millet is estimated at over $150 billion a year and growing at between 3 - 8 per cent annually. The forum (TYIAF) was organized by Agri-Hub Tanzania - a network that deals with promoting farmer entrepreneurship in Tanzania in collaboration with the Tanzania Graduate Farmers Association (TGFA), Sokoine University Graduate Entrepreneurs Cooperative (SUGECO) - the two entities, the product of Sokoine University envisaging on the practice of commercial farming among graduate farmers in Tanzania together with 4-H and Farm Africa The event with a theme: "Kilimobiashara Ndio Mpango Mzima" attracted hundreds of youths, youth-led organizations and companies in agricultural sector and civil society organizations to discuss the role of youths and the future of agri-business in Tanzania.
"This forum is meant to awaken youths to know their roles and responsibility in fostering agribusiness practices in Tanzania, and as well connecting them with networks of potential funders," said Mr Juma Ngomuo, TGFA Membership and Advocacy Coordinator. Speaking at the forum Katarina Mungure, Agri-Hub Tanzania Assistant Coordinator said that the forum is aimed at improving business linkages between youth in the East African region through partnership with other Agri Hubs in East Africa.
Ms Mungure said that through Agri-Hub Tanzania online platform youths have managed to network and connect with markets of their products as well as taping into existing and emerging agribusiness opportunities in Tanzania. On the other hand Mr John Chobo, the Managing Director of Chobo Investment Limited pointed out that many youths still lack the daring spirit to venture into doing businesses - a situation that makes the fight against unemployment a difficult undertaking in the country.
"At the moment the rate of rural to urban movements among youths in the country has been rampant, but these could have just stayed in the rural to produce enough crops and sell them profitably, and create employment for others too," said Mr Chobo. "Let's stop sleeping, let's wake up and work hard to seize all the available opportunities. If we don't, then our neighbours will come to help us," Mr Chobo told youths at the forum, adding that, "the opportunities to be an entrepreneur are all around you right now if you take time to examine the challenges you face and filter them through the prism of business."
For some time now in Tanzania, youths have invested in creativity and innovations to improve and get involved in the sector, though there are some policy challenges that need to be addressed to attract many youths commercial agriculture undertaking. Furthermore, apart from the strides youths are making in agricultural sector in the country, the biggest challenge remains that most of these agricultural undertakings in the country are rain-fed, that they can't be done throughout the year.
Agricultural stakeholders say this situation too needs strategic measures to make it possible even during dry seasons. At the TYIAF stakeholders proposed that the deliverance of measures should be in a range of development interventions from the grassroots/ community level through a network of both private and public sector as well as development partners.
They said even though there are various efforts to promote the involvement of youths in agribusiness, still, this is not perceived as a viable business or employment option among the learned graduates - due to the wrong perception that farm work is the last option and activity for rural poor.
This, however, has attracted a number of media outlets ranging from websites, social Media, radio and televisions as well as magazines and newspaper venturing into publishing issues relating to agriculture to remove the wrong perceptions. Agri-Hub Tanzania as well, uses an online media platform as modern Information and Communication Technology tools (ICTs) to promote farmers entrepreneurship in partnership with TGFA, SUGECO and 4-H as well as Farm Africa to attract and promote youths in Agribusiness.
These organizations have been working on bringing voices of youths to the table, providing information on opportunities in agricultural development, sharing success stories of young role models in agriculture and advocating for greater youth engagement and representation.
It is also important to note that young people also demand products and, in the near future, they will be the world's largest group of consumers. As such, young people can play another key role: as consumers, a group that is already recognized as a potential driving force for change in our food (and other) systems. Change will not take place if consumers do not demand sustainably produced foods.
Source: Daily news